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history of geography
The history of geography includes various histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups. In more recent developments, geography has become a distinct academic discipline. 'Geography' derives from the Greek – ''geographia'', a literal translation of which would be "''to describe or write about the Earth''". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). However, there is evidence for recognizable practices of geography, such as cartography (or map-making) prior to the use of the term geography.
==Babylon==
The oldest known world maps date back to ancient Babylon from the 9th century BC. The best known Babylonian world map, however, is the ''Imago Mundi'' of 600 BC.〔Siebold, Jim (Slide 103 ) via henry-davis.com – accessed 2008-02-04〕 The map as reconstructed by Eckhard Unger shows Babylon on the Euphrates, surrounded by a circular landmass showing Assyria, Urartu〔 pp.209〕 and several cities, in turn surrounded by a "bitter river" (Oceanus), with seven islands arranged around it so as to form a seven-pointed star. The accompanying text mentions seven outer regions beyond the encircling ocean. The descriptions of five of them have survived.
In contrast to the ''Imago Mundi'', an earlier Babylonian world map dating back to the 9th century BC depicted Babylon as being further north from the center of the world, though it is not certain what that center was supposed to represent.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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